Post 10- Function of lung and blow hole (Adam Mahmood)

The lung, nerve cells, and blow hole work together to allow the dolphin to breathe efficiently in its ocean environment. The blow hole is sealed by a muscle flap that the dolphin controls. It opens it when it wants to breathe. 

Post 9- Repeating cell cycle (Adam Mahmood)

The cell cycle repeats itself many times, while the baby develops, until the lung is formed. 

Post 8- Final steps of mitosis/cell cycle (Adam Mahmood)

The final step, telophase, occurs. During this step, the chromosomes reach their specific spindles, then the spindles disappear and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes. Cytokinasis is the phase when the daughter cells split apart into two cells that contain the same number/quality of chromosomes. 

Post 7- Next steps of Mitosis (Adam Mahmood)

During the next step of mitosis, called metaphase,  the spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align them at the equatorial plate. The next step is called anaphase, which is when the spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits, then the sister chromatids are pulled behind the centromeres. 

Post 6- Beginning steps of mitosis (Adam Mahmood)

Before the lung cell can go through mitosis, it needs to grow.  It goes through interphase which is when everything in the cell is duplicated except the chromosomes. Then the chromosomes are duplicated and the cell checks it for errors.  Then the first step of mitosis called prophase begins, where the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. 

Post 5- Growth of the Lung (Adam Mahmood)

The baby dolphin's lung starts as a single lung cell and then it goes through mitosis and divides eventually forming the full functioning lung.

Post 4- Goblet cell (Adam Mahmood)

Protein leaves as mucus from a goblet cell to collect dangerous particles in the air so the dolphin can breathe and not get sick.

Post 3- How the protein enters the lung cells (Adam Mahmood)

The proteins are absorbed in the lung cells by the process of endocytosis. The membrane pinches of into vesicles that contains and transports protein into the cell. 

Dolphin fin development #10 christopher

The Dorsal fin serves the purpose of balance for the dolphin and to hold it up it up right.The fluke or the long tail of the end it used for movement forwards. Finally, the pectoral fins are use to turn and control where the dolphin swims.

http://understanddolphins.tripod.com/dolphinfinstructurefunction.html

Post 2- Macromolecule needed (Adam Mahmood)

The mama dolphin needs to consume proteins in order for the baby to get the proteins which are necessary for the building and functioning of the lungs. The proteins are absorbed in the lung cells.



http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169409X9500113L

dolphin fins development #9 Christopher

Once the fetus is in the mother she begins to consume a lot more food almost a fourth more food so that the  fetus can grow and stay healthy. The nutrients she intakes goes to her but more importantly her baby. If she does not eat enough this could stunt the fetus's growth.

Dolphin fin development #8 christopher

The baby Dolphin doesn,t start as a small dolphin it starts as a on cell then threw mitosis. Mitosis then happens billions of time until you can actually see a functioning baby.

Dolphine fin devolpment #7 christopher

The dolphin developes fins around week  as you see in this picture.

Dolphin fin development #6 christopher

If the development went wrong and in a cell and on fin didn't develop the Dolphin wouldn't survive because each fin has a job only it can do . Or if the hind legs never retracted the Dolphin would survive but it would make it easy pray.

Dolphin Ossification #10

A common occurrence in dolphins is the changing of times when major bone structures ossify. This change can be anything from a few weeks after the scheduled time or even a month in difference.

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/42966868/Paedomorphic-Ossification-in-Porpoises-with-an-Emphasis-on-the-Vaquita-(Phocoena-sinus)

Dolphin Ossification #9

Directly following the embryo stage preliminary bones establish themselves while the larger bones and bone structures develop soon after.

Dolphin Ossification #8

In the month to two months before birth some dolphins bone's stop ossification and remain juvenile throughout their lives.

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=usdeptcommercepub

Dolphin Ossification #7

Some dolphins when mutations occur directly after conception develop a chunk of cartilage that restricts their movement.

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=usdeptcommercepub

Dolphin Ossification #6

In some cases ossification in dolphins is delayed causing a shortening in bones specifically in the carpal area. This occurs if a disruption in the embryo stage happens.

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=usdeptcommercepub

Dolphin Ossification #5

The pelvis develops very quickly after the embryo stage has been completed as the majority of the other bones establish themselves around it

http://oceanwildthings.com/2010/05/whales-and-dolphins-in-the-womb/

Dolphin Ossification #4

A femur develops very late in the dolphin's gestation period but it serves no purpose and embeds itself on the inside wall of the dolphin.

http://oceanwildthings.com/2010/05/whales-and-dolphins-in-the-womb/

Dolphin Ossification #3

The forelimbs and hind limbs of a dolphin come out as objects that look like paddles during the middle of the fetus development stage.

http://oceanwildthings.com/2010/05/whales-and-dolphins-in-the-womb/

Dolphin Ossificaton #2

The hind limbs of the dolphin establish specialized cells that are taken back into the dolphin before the fetus development stage while it is still an embryo

http://oceanwildthings.com/2010/05/whales-and-dolphins-in-the-womb/

Dolphin Ossification #1

The ossification flipper in bottlenose dolphins moves from the point of attachment of the bone to the end of the bone towards the end of the dolphin's development in the womb.

http://www.vef.unizg.hr/dolphins/radovi/sazeci%20eng/horvat%20sakac%20student%202010.htm

Post 1 -Something goes wrong with the lungs/blowhole (Adam Mahmood)

There is a network of complex nerve endings that is located in the region of the blowhole. These nerve endings sense pressure changes so the animal knows when its blowhole is clear of the water and it is safe to breathe. When it is first born it has not yet developed the ability to interpret these pressure changes, so it must raise its head above the water surface before each breath. If the nerve endings never develop and the dolphin doesn't detect water covering its blowhole then it could inhale and die from getting water in its lungs.


http://understanddolphins.tripod.com/dolphinblowholeandbreathing.html

Dolphin fin development #5 Christopher

Dolphins also develop hind legs in the womb and they later retract back into the body and create the back tail.
 http://www.animalfactguide.com/animal-facts/bottlenose-dolphin/

Dolphin fins development #4 Christopher

Ultrasound images of pregnant Dolphins reveal that around (weeks) the baby starts to swim in the womb because the development of fins.
 http://www.animalfactguide.com/animal-facts/bottlenose-dolphin/

Dolphin fin development #3 Christopher

Babies are born tail first so the mother can bump into the ground and not harm the calve because their tails are not yet hard.
 http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/bottlenose/birth-&-care.htm

Dolphin fin post #2 Chirstopher

After birth it take a few hour before all the fins harden in to bones.
http://www.dolphins.org/marineed_maternity.php

Dolphin fins development #1 christopher

As a result of a dolphin having a small Uterus the fetus's 5 fins are all cartilage when coming out of their mother at birth to make the process possible.
http://www.dolphins.org/marineed_maternity.php

The Dolphins Family Pedigree

1a. Dennis Dolphin
1b. Debbie Dolphin

2a. Dag Dolphin
2b. Daisy Dolphin
2c. Darah Dolphin
2d. Debbie Dolphin
2e. Dain Dolphin

3a. Dirk Dolphin
3b. Dilla Dolphin


If a problem where to have occurred in the genes of the baby Dolphin the problem could have lead to cancer later in the Dolphins life or a disability that would have prohibited the dolphin from living. All the possibilities are not bad it could have lead to the a mutation in the gene that would actually give this dolphin an advantage, like sharper teeth so they could eat different types of prey or the ability to stay under water for a greater amount of time. If the mutation was one that effected the fetus it could have lead to the non development of an organ.

Nurturing baby dolphins

Baby dolphins called calves rely on their mothers for food for about 18 months. Their food just like all other mammals is their mothers milk. Only when the dolphin is 16 months old does it start to catch its own food for itself and at 6 years old  it leaves its mother. 

Baby dolphin birth video

http://m.youtube.com/#/watch?v=6jCJiO75pxo&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6jCJiO75pxo

mother and baby

The Dolphin you see at the End is not the what you would see at the start. This large mammal starts out as a singe cell then meiosis and mitosis take place. From mitosis two daughter cells are created (see image on left for steps mitosis).  While from Meiosis it starts as one cell and ends as 4 cells.

Once the Dolphin is more then just cells two new process occur which are endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is the process by which materials enter the cell with in vesicles the pinch off the plasma membrane and then enter the cell. To imbibe larger particles like food large membrane sacks are created by Endocytosis. Exocytosis is the process of exporting protein made in the cell through a vesicle the fuses plasma membrane and distributes its content outside cell.





 Dolphins gestation period is 12 months and it changes greatly over time while in its mother.